In Muscle Cells,the Following Reaction Proceeds as Written,i

question 19

Multiple Choice

In muscle cells,the following reaction proceeds as written,i.e.,from left to right,despite having DG°' » +30 kJ/mol.How can this occur? malate + NAD⁺ oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺

• A) It is obviously thermodynamically favored under standard conditions.
• B) In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it's thermodynamically unfavored.
• C) The concentration of malate must be higher than oxaloacetate for this reaction to occur in the cell.
• D) [H⁺] must be higher in muscle than under standard conditions, thus altering DG°' to DG°.

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Definitions:

Diminishing Marginal Returns

A principle stating that as additional units of a variable input are added to a fixed input, the additional output produced from each new unit decreases beyond a certain point.

Diminishing Marginal Returns

A principle stating that as investment in a particular area increases, the rate of profit from that investment, after a certain point, cannot increase forever and will eventually decrease.

Marginal Product

The additional output that is produced by adding one more unit of a certain input while holding other inputs constant.

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