The Board Met and Agreed to Some Changes in Operating

question 3

Multiple Choice

The board met and agreed to some changes in operating procedures and performance benchmarks.This new policy must now be communicated to subordinates and disseminated throughout the company.What kind of communication is involved when information flows from those higher up in an organization to those of lower rank?

• A)downward
• B)upward
• C)horizontal
• D)outward

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Definitions:

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A federal law passed in 1883 that mandated positions within the federal government be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation, significantly curbing the spoils system.

President Rutherford B. Hayes

The 19th President of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881, known for ending the Reconstruction era through the Compromise of 1877.

National Harmony

The state or condition where a nation's citizens or regions achieve social cohesion and cooperation, often pursued through policies aimed at reducing divisions or conflicts.

Sectional Rivalry

Competition and conflict between different regions or sections of a country, particularly evident in the United States pre-Civil War between the North and South over economic, cultural, and political differences.