What Is the Difference Between Downward Communication and Upward Communication

question 72

Essay

What is the difference between downward communication and upward communication? What is the primary purpose of each?

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Definitions:

Grandmothers

Female grandparents, often playing important roles in childcare, family support, and heritage transmission.

Longitudinal Study

Research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables or group of individuals over an extended period of time.

Preschoolers

Young children typically between the ages of three and five years, who are often in the early stages of formal education.

Exclusively By Homemakers

Pertaining solely to individuals, typically women, who manage the household and do not engage in employment outside the home.