A Tax on Cigarettes

question 2

Multiple Choice

A tax on cigarettes:

• A) increases total surplus.
• B) increases efficiency in the market.
• C) will increase both total surplus and efficiency in the market.
• D) like any tax, will always reduce surplus and efficiency in markets.

---

Definitions:

Primary Reinforcers

Fundamental stimuli that satisfy basic survival needs and are innately satisfying without prior learning.

Physical Needs

Essential requirements for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, emphasizing the influence of consequences on learned behavior.

Response

A reaction to a specific stimulus or situation.