The Presence of Caffeine,because of Its Bitter Taste,has Long Been

question 82

Multiple Choice

The presence of caffeine,because of its bitter taste,has long been considered a plant defense strategy,yet some coffee and citrus plants produce nectar with caffeine concentrations below the taste threshold of their pollinators,yet high enough to modify the pollinator's learning and memory.What hypothesis best explains this phenomenon?

• A) The plants and their pollinators are coevolving; the pollinators will frequent and pollinate the caffeine-producing plants at higher rates than pollinators whose memory is unaffected by caffeine.
• B) These plants once produced wide ranges of caffeine, but only those with moderate concentrations were pollinated; the pollinators are the directional pressure for these plants.
• C) The pollinators once responded to the toxicity of caffeine with a variety of tolerances, but the benefits of caffeinated nectar have become the directional pressure for these insects.
• D) Insect pollinators have poor vision, smell, and directional sense; without memory enhancements, they are almost incapable of returning to the same location.

Analyze the effect of non-cash transactions and events on the statement of cash flows.

Calculate cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method.

Recognize the treatment of losses and gains from the sale of assets in the statement of cash flows.

Understand the indirect and direct methods for preparing the statement of cash flows.

---

Definitions:

Stock Ledger

A record that keeps track of the stock transactions of a company, including shares bought, sold, issued, and returned.

Materials Ledger

A detailed record that tracks the quantity and cost of materials on hand.

Work in Process Account

An account used to record the costs associated with incomplete products in the manufacturing process.

Cost Ledger

A subsidiary ledger that records individual costs associated with specific cost centers or cost objects.