What Are BOPMs? According to

question 102

Essay

What are BOPMs? According to
C. K. Prahalad and his associates introduced a new concept into the discussion of developing countries and markets-bottom-of-the-pyramid markets (BOPMs)-consisting of the 4 billion people across the globe with annual incomes of less than $1,200. These markets are not necessarily defined by national borders but rather by the pockets of poverty across countries. These 4 billion consumers are, of course, concentrated in the LDCs and LLDCs, as defined in the U.N. classification scheme, particularly in South Asia and sub-Sahara Africa. Prahalad's basic point is that these consumers have been relatively ignored by international marketers because of misconceptions about their lack of resources, both in terms of money and technology, and the lack of appropriateness of products and services usually developed for more affluent consumers.
C. K. Prahalad, why have they been ignored by international marketers?

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Definitions:

Default Risk

The risk that a borrower will not make the required payments on their debt obligations, leading to a default.

Semiannual Coupon

Interest payments made to bond investors every six months as part of the bond's fixed-income return.

Bond Rating

An evaluation provided by a credit rating agency regarding the creditworthiness of a bond issuer, affecting the interest rates and investment appeal of its bonds.

Secured Debt

A debt that is backed by collateral, providing the lender with assurance that the loan can be recovered if defaulted.