Which of These Is a Condition Necessary to Establish Causal

question 2

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a condition necessary to establish causal inferences?

• A) The two variables are not correlated.
• B) Multiple alternative explanations exist for the correlation.
• C) The presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time.
• D) The study was conducted in an open environment.
• E) The sample size is large enough.

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Definitions:

Tap Water

Water supplied to a tap, which is generally intended for drinking, cooking, and daily usage, coming from a community's water supply.

Peripheral Neuropathy

A condition resulting from damage to the peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and pain, often in the hands and feet.

Abnormal Gait

A deviation from normal walking patterns, which can indicate underlying health issues ranging from minor injuries to serious neurological conditions.

Foot Deformities

Structural abnormalities of the foot that can cause pain, difficulty in walking, and contribute to balance problems.