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What is adverse selection? Give an example to illustrate this problem.
Equilibrium Price
The market price at which the quantity of goods supplied is equal to the quantity of goods demanded, also known as the market-clearing price.
Supply and Demand Functions
Mathematical expressions that describe the relationship between the supply of and demand for goods or services within a market.
Pareto Optimal
A distribution of resources from which it is impossible to reallocate in a way that makes at least one individual better off without making anyone worse off; it constitutes an efficient allocation of resources.
Marginal Rate
A measure of the rate of change in a variable as another variable changes incrementally, often used in the context of taxes or utility.
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