Using the Nonexperimental Method, a Researcher Collects Data on Exercise

question 12

Multiple Choice

Using the nonexperimental method, a researcher collects data on exercise and anxiety from a number of people and finds that exercise is negatively related to anxiety-that is, the people who exercise more tend to have lower levels of anxiety. What does this scenario demonstrate?

• A)Temporal precedence
• B)Covariation between variables
• C)Elimination of possible causes
• D)Non-sufficient element of inference of cause

Understand the concept of moral duty and its external imposition as seen in various moral theories.

Distinguish between the concepts of pleasure and happiness in ethical theories.

Assess the role of fear and courage in Aristotle's virtue ethics.

Interpret the relevance of moral theories in modern ethical dilemmas and moral decision-making.

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Definitions:

Self-evaluation Trap

A psychological state in which an individual's constant self-assessment leads to negative feelings and a decrease in motivation or self-worth.

Feedback

Information given to an individual or group about their performance or behavior with the intention of improving future actions.

Scientific Management

A theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows with the objective of improving labor productivity and economic efficiency.

Hawthorne Effect

A phenomenon in a work setting or research in which workers or participants react positively because management or researchers care about them