In the Context of One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, Testing Effects Occur

question 57

Multiple Choice

In the context of one-group pretest-posttest design, testing effects occur when:

• A)taking a pretest changes the participant's behavior.
• B)participants become bored or fatigued.
• C)a confounding event occurs at the same time as the experimental manipulation.
• D)the basic characteristics of the measuring instrument change over time.

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Definitions:

Theory of Emotion

A conceptual framework that seeks to explain how emotions are experienced, how they are triggered, and the relationship between emotion, cognition, and behavior.

Arousal

A physiological and psychological state of being awoken or stimulated to action, often characterized by increased heart rate, alertness, and energy.

Behavior

The actions or reactions of an individual or system in response to external or internal stimuli.

Motivational Theories

Psychological theories that aim to explain what motivates individuals to behave in certain ways, including factors that drive motivation and influence behavior.