In a Chi-Square Test for Independence, Observed and Expected Frequencies

question 60

True/False

In a chi-square test for independence, observed and expected frequencies must sum across to the same row totals and down to the same column totals.

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Definitions:

Secondary Reinforcers

Stimuli that become reinforcing through their association with primary reinforcers, such as praise, which is not innately reinforcing but becomes so through association with positive experiences.

Positive Events

Occurrences that lead to beneficial or uplifting outcomes for individuals or groups.

Aversive Events

Unpleasant or undesirable occurrences that an individual seeks to avoid or escape from.

Positive Reinforcement

A motivational strategy in which a positive stimulus is presented after a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of future occurrences of that behavior.