Withholding Negative Information or Overemphasizing Positive Information Is Unethical and in Some

question 40

Short Answer

Withholding negative information or overemphasizing positive information is unethical and in some cases,illegal.

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Definitions:

Behavior-Reinforcement Belief Expectancy

A concept in psychology that suggests an individual's belief in the likelihood of receiving reinforcement for a behavior influences the expectancy and motivation to perform that behavior.

Contiguity

The state of being close together in time or space, often used in psychology to describe the association between two stimuli or events.

Expectations

Beliefs or predictions about future events based on past experiences or information.

Tolman

An influential psychologist known for his work in cognitive behaviorism and for proposing the concept of latent learning.