After Controlling for Z, the Partial Correlation Coefficient Between X

question 4

Multiple Choice

After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient between X and Y is the same value as the bivariate Pearson's r. This pattern would be taken as evidence of________.

• A) a direct relationship between X and Y.
• B) a spurious relationship between X and Z.
• C) interaction between X, Y, and Z.
• D) an intervening relationship between X and Y, interaction between X and Z.

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Definitions:

Tenants in Common

A form of co-ownership where each party owns a specific fraction of the property and can pass their share to heirs.

Accumulated Depreciation

The total amount of depreciation expense that has been recorded for an asset over its useful life.

Venture Capital

A form of private equity financing that is provided by venture capital firms or funds to startups, early-stage, and emerging companies that have been deemed to have high growth potential.