External Validity

question 25

Multiple Choice

External validity:

• A)exists when the research design accurately identifies causal relationships.
• B)refers to the extent to which a causal relationship found in a study can be expected to be true for the entire defined target population.
• C)can be threatened by selection bias.
• D)refers to the degree that the design and its procedures can be replicated and achieves similar conclusions about hypothesized relationships.
• E)refers to causal research designs that manipulate the independent variables to measure the dependent variable in a natural setting.

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Definitions:

External-Reinforcement Schedule

This involves the regulation of behavior based on rewards or punishments administered from an outside source, used in various behavioral conditioning frameworks.

Positive Punishment

Adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Negative Punishment

A behavior modification technique involving the removal of a desirable stimulus to decrease the probability of an undesirable behavior being repeated.

Negative Reinforcement

A process that strengthens a behavior by removing or reducing an undesirable outcome when the behavior is performed.