Eileen, a College Professor, Has to Pick a Textbook for an Upcoming

question 106

Multiple Choice

Eileen, a college professor, has to pick a textbook for an upcoming course. She has just enough time to review a few books from the many choices available. She settles for one of the books, even though the best book might be a book that she hasn't yet reviewed. What is this process called?

• A) Optimizing
• B) Brainstorming
• C) Rationality binding
• D) Satisficing
• E) Cognitive biasing

Analyze the criticisms and limitations of differential association theory.

Comprehend the importance of learning processes in criminal behavior as explained by differential association and differential reinforcement theories.

Understand the concept and implications of reintegrative shaming in controlling deviance.

Identify different individual and societal responses to deviance as explained by various theorists.

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Definitions:

Survivorship Bias

The logical error of focusing on instances that survived a selection process and overlooking those that did not because of their lack of visibility.

Backfill Bias

A bias that can occur when historical performances of investment portfolios are artificially inflated because only successful funds are reported or included in analyses.

Incentive Bias

A psychological lean or predisposition towards certain decisions or actions due to promised rewards or incentives.

Survivorship Bias

The error of focusing on the successes or survivors in a group and overlooking those that failed, which can lead to overly optimistic beliefs or conclusions.