When a Researcher Asks the Question, "Have Subjects Been Pre-Selected

question 59

Multiple Choice

When a researcher asks the question, "Have subjects been pre-selected so as to represent the extremes on the variable of interest?" she is concerned with which one of the following potential threats to internal validity?

• A) testing effect
• B) maturation
• C) subject selection
• D) regression effect

Describe the intended functions of prisons including rehabilitation, incapacitation, and deterrence, as well as their societal impacts.

Comprehend the political and social consequences of imprisonment, including disenfranchisement and familial disruption.

Compare the societal impacts of white-collar crime to violent street crime and deduce which has a more detrimental effect on society.

Examine the implications of self-defense laws on racial profiling and legal outcomes in violent confrontations.

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Definitions:

Aggressive Modeling

The process by which individuals learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating the aggressive actions of models, such as parents, characters on television, or peers.

Self-Reinforcement

The process of rewarding oneself to increase or maintain a behavior, based on personal standards and without external rewards.

The Id

A component of Freud's psychoanalytic theory representing primal desires and drives.

Behavior Modification

A technique aiming to change negative behaviors into positive ones through reinforcement and punishment.