Several Studies Find That Among College Students, Use of Illegal

question 74

Multiple Choice

Several studies find that among college students, use of illegal drugs is negatively correlated with grade-point average. Which conclusion, if any, do these results justify?

• A) The use of illegal drugs impairs either learning, memory, or concentration.
• B) Highly conscientious students, who are likely to do well in school, avoid illegal drugs.
• C) Students who spend their time and effort on risky activities do not spend much time studying.
• D) The results do not justify any of these conclusions.

---

Definitions:

Null Hypothesis

A statistical hypothesis that proposes there is no significant difference or effect and that any observed variation is due to chance.

Critical Value

A threshold value in hypothesis testing that separates the region where the null hypothesis is rejected from the region where it is not.

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of the difference between groups or the strength of a relationship.

Simple Formula

An equation or expression that straightforwardly expresses a mathematical relationship between variables or quantities.