Problems of Observer Bias Can Arise in the Context of a Case

question 17

Multiple Choice

Problems of observer bias can arise in the context of a case study because

• A)extraneous variables are often uncontrolled.
• B)the nomothetic approach is especially prone to observer bias.
• C)the researcher is often both observer and participant.
• D)case studies typically involve unobtrusive observation.

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Definitions:

Operant Conditioning

An instructional process in which the magnitude of a behavior is fine-tuned by using positive or negative feedback.

Variable-ratio

A reinforcement schedule in behavioral psychology where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.

Latent Learning

A form of learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement of the behavior or associations that are learned.

Discrimination Learning

The process of learning to respond differently to various stimuli or situations, often by recognizing differences.