The Formula for the Chi-Squared Statistic Is

question 21

Multiple Choice

The formula for the chi-squared statistic is

• A)Σ[(O-E)²/E]
• B)[Σ(O-E)²]/E
• C)O/[Σ(O-E)²]
• D)E/[Σ(O-E)²]

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Definitions:

Needs Theory

A conceptual framework that identifies and categorizes the fundamental motivations driving human behavior.

Drive-reduction Theory

A theory of motivation proposing that the presence of a need creates a drive to eliminate or satisfy that need, thereby restoring balance or homeostasis.

Homeostasis

The process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.

Primary Drives

Basic, innate urges that motivate behavior necessary for survival, such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and avoidance of pain.