________ Is the Expectation That Successful Performance of the Task

question 66

Multiple Choice

________ is the expectation that successful performance of the task will lead to the desired outcome.

• A) Expectancy
• B) Reinforcement
• C) Valence
• D) Effort
• E) Instrumentality

---

Definitions:

Spines

Hard, sharp outgrowths on an animal's body serving for protection or as part of a plant's defense mechanism; in botanical context, they are modified leaves, stipules, or parts of leaves.

Herbivores

Organisms that primarily eat plants, including leaves, fruits, and other plant parts.

Transpiration

The method through which water travels within plants from the roots to tiny openings on the bottom side of the leaves, at which point it transforms into vapor and gets emitted into the air.

Lower Temperatures

Conditions or environments characterized by a reduced degree of heat or a temperature below the average.