Research Conducted by Churyk and Clinton (2008)identified Certain "Tells" or Communication

question 32

Multiple Choice

Research conducted by Churyk and Clinton (2008) identified certain "tells" or communication characteristics in the context of the management discussion and analysis section of annual reports,related to financial statement deception.Which of the following characteristics is an indicator of such deception?

• A) fewer words per sentences
• B) fewer past-tense words
• C) more optimistic words
• D) more self-references

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Definitions:

Sporophyte

The diploid phase in the life cycle of plants and algae that produces spores through meiosis, alternating with the gametophyte phase.

Rhizoids

Thread-like structures in non-vascular plants, fungi, and algae that absorb water and nutrients and anchor the organism to a substrate.

Nonvascular Plants

Bryophytes, such as mosses and liverworts, that have no vascular tissue and either occur in moist locations or have special adaptations for living in dry locations.

Thallus

The undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some organisms, such as algae, fungi, lichens, and liverworts, not divided into leaves, roots, or stems.