The Sample Covariance Can Be Calculated in Any of the Following

question 36

Multiple Choice

The sample covariance can be calculated in any of the following ways, with the exception of:

• A) \(\frac { 1 } { n - 1 } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( X _ { i } - \bar { X } \right) \left( Y _ { i } - \bar { Y } \right)\)
• B) \(\frac { 1 } { n - 1 } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } X _ { i } Y _ { i } - \frac { n } { n - 1 } \overline { X Y }\)
• C) \(\frac { 1 } { n } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( X _ { i } - \mu _ { X } \right) \left( Y _ { i } - \mu _ { Y } \right)\)
• D)r_XYS_YS_Y, where r_XY is the correlation coefficient.

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Definitions:

Sexuality

The capacity for sexual feelings, a fundamental aspect of human nature encompassing sexual orientation, attractions, and behaviors.

Representative Sample

A subset of a population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population, used in statistical analysis to generalize findings.

Socioeconomic Status

Ranking in society based on a combination of occupational, educational, and income levels.

Ethnicity

A category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestral, social, cultural, or national experiences.