The Sample Covariance Can Be Calculated in Any of the Following

question 36

Multiple Choice

The sample covariance can be calculated in any of the following ways, with the exception of:

• A) \(\frac { 1 } { n - 1 } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( X _ { i } - \bar { X } \right) \left( Y _ { i } - \bar { Y } \right)\)
• B) \(\frac { 1 } { n - 1 } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } X _ { i } Y _ { i } - \frac { n } { n - 1 } \overline { X Y }\)
• C) \(\frac { 1 } { n } \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( X _ { i } - \mu _ { X } \right) \left( Y _ { i } - \mu _ { Y } \right)\)
• D)r_XYS_YS_Y, where r_XY is the correlation coefficient.

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Definitions:

Ordinary Annuity

Uniform compensation packages delivered upon concluding every phase over a defined schedule.

Periodic Payment

A recurring payment made over a set interval of time, such as monthly or annually, often associated with loans or investments.

Ordinary Annuity

Like payments executed after every period close throughout an agreed length.

Periodic Payment

Recurrent payments made at regular intervals over a period of time, such as monthly mortgage or rent payments.