Simultaneous Causality Bias

question 28

Multiple Choice

Simultaneous causality bias

• A)is also called sample selection bias.
• B)happens in complicated systems of equations called block recursive systems.
• C)results in biased estimators if there is heteroskedasticity in the error term.
• D)arises in a regression of Y on X when, in addition to the causal link of interest from X to Y, there is a causal link from Y to X.

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Definitions:

Overlapping Boundaries

Multiple sites of carcinoma without identifiable borders.

Neoplasms

Abnormal growths of tissue, which can be benign or malignant (cancerous).

Contiguous

Sharing a common border; touching or adjacent.

Malignant Neoplasm

A malignant tumor capable of invading surrounding tissue and possessing the ability to metastasize to different areas of the body.