Comparing the California Test Scores to Test Scores in Massachusetts

question 4

Multiple Choice

Comparing the California test scores to test scores in Massachusetts is appropriate for external validity if

• A)Massachusetts also allowed beach walking to be an appropriate P.E. activity.
• B)the two income distributions were very similar.
• C)the student-to-teacher ratio did not differ by more than five on average.
• D)the institutional settings in California and Massachusetts, such as organization in classroom instruction and curriculum, were similar in the two states.

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Definitions:

Unfreezing

The initial stage in the change process where existing beliefs and behaviors are challenged in preparation for change.

Organization Change

The process by which companies or organizations undergo transformations in structure, strategies, processes, or culture.

Parallel Learning Structures

Systems designed to exist alongside formal organizational structures, facilitating learning and innovation without disrupting everyday operations.

Organizational Hierarchy

A structured arrangement of roles and responsibilities within an organization, often visualized as a chart, that establishes a clear chain of command.