If the Causal Effect Is Different for Different People, Then

question 29

Multiple Choice

If the causal effect is different for different people, then the population regression equation for a binary treatment variable X_i, can be written as

• A)Y_i = β₀ + β₁X_i + u_i.
• B)Y_i = β₀ + β_1iX_i + u_i.
• C)Y_i = β_0i β_1iX_i + u_i.
• D)Y_i = β₀ + β₁G_i + β₂D_t + u_i.

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Definitions:

Phenomenological Theories

Philosophical approaches that emphasize the subjective experience of individuals and the meaning they ascribe to events and phenomena.

Quinney

Richard Quinney is a criminologist known for his contributions to critical criminology and the theory of social reality of crime, emphasizing the role of societal structures in defining crime and deviance.

Marxist Criminologists

Scholars who apply the economic and social theories of Marxism to study crime, its causes, and its effects on society.

Capitalist System

An economic system where private individuals or businesses own capital goods, and production is based on supply and demand in the market.