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In the Standard Model of the Expansion of the Universe,the

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In the standard model of the expansion of the universe,the total energy of a standard mass m is assumed to be zero.When we solve the resulting energy equation for the critical mass density of the universe,we find that the critical mass density is given by


Definitions:

Following-Type Behavior

Actions characterized by mimicking or adhering to the behaviors, actions, or instructions of others, often observed in social learning contexts.

Imprinting

In many species, the learned attachment that is formed at a particular early period.

Ducklings

Young ducks; often used in studies to understand imprinting and animal behavior.

Authoritarian Pattern

A style of leadership or parenting characterized by strict rules, demanding obedience, and little warmth or affection.

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