Describe How Both Top-Down and Bottom-Up Planning Work and the Situations

question 52

Essay

Describe how both top-down and bottom-up planning work and the situations where one approach is superior to the other.

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Definitions:

Serial Passage

The process of repeatedly culturing microorganisms or viruses from one environment to another to select for adaptations or increase virulence.

Replication

The process by which genetic material or a biological entity reproduces or makes a copy of itself.

Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis

The proposition that certain genotypes predispose individuals to efficient fat storage for survival during times of food scarcity, which may predispose to obesity in environments with abundant food.