If F(x)=

question 1

Essay

If f(x)=
and g(x)= x + 1,find: (a)f(g(x))and (b)g(f(x)).

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Definitions:

Hawk-Dove Game

A model in game theory illustrating the conflict between aggressive (hawk) and peaceful (dove) strategies.

Payoff

A payoff refers to the return or the outcome received from a particular investment or decision, often evaluated in terms of profit or loss.

Proportion

A mathematical relation between parts, quantities, or amounts that expresses how much one is relative to the other.

Equilibrium

A state in which supply and demand are balanced, or a situation in which conflicting forces cancel each other out, resulting in a stable outcome or condition.