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For each of the following activities,characteristics,and applications,identify whether they can be found in a centralised organisation,a decentralised organisation,or both types of organisations.
a.Freedom for managers at lower organisational levels to make decisions
b.Gathering information may be very expensive
c.Greater responsiveness to user needs
d.Have few interdependencies among divisions
e.Maximum constraints and minimum freedom for managers at lowest levels
f.Maximisation of benefits over costs
g.Minimisation of duplicate functions
h.Minimum of suboptimisation
i.Multiple responsibility centres with various reporting units
j.Profit centres
Big Five
A model outlining five broad dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, used to describe human personality.
Neuroticism
A personality trait characterized by long-term tendencies towards anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions.
Conscientiousness
A personality trait characterized by diligence, carefulness, and a desire to do a task well.
Filial Loyalty
The devotion, duty, and respect that a child typically shows towards their parents.
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