Three of the Following Statements Below Are Part of the Definition

question 29

Multiple Choice

Three of the following statements below are part of the definition of a cause-and-effect relationship.Which statement is NOT a part of the definition?

• A)Both variables must be shown to be independent.
• B)The independent variable must come before the dependent variable in time.
• C)The two variables must display correlation.
• D)There must be no evidence that the correlation is spurious.

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Definitions:

Psychosexual Development

A Freudian theory that proposes human personality development occurs in five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) from infancy to adulthood, centered on the libido's focus.

Overeat

The consumption of food in quantities greater than the body's physical need, often leading to discomfort, weight gain, and health issues.

Anal Expulsive

A psychoanalytic concept suggesting a personality type that results from a child's experience during the anal stage of psychosexual development, often associated with messiness or disorganization.

Anal Retentive

Pertains to a personality trait characterized by orderliness, meticulousness, and a controlling attitude, believed by Freud to originate during the anal stage of psychosexual development.