For Each of the Following Pairs of Causal Arguments, Determine

question 6

Multiple Choice

For each of the following pairs of causal arguments, determine which is stronger
-Which causal argument is stronger?

• A) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog.
• B) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog. Some attribute the deaths to an influenza epidemic that same year, but I doubt it.

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Definitions:

R&D Expenditures

Funds allocated by a government, corporation, or other entity towards research and development activities aimed at innovating and improving products or processes.

Interest-Rate Cost-Of-Funds

The expense associated with borrowing funds, often determined by the interest rate at which money is borrowed.

Expected-Rate-Of-Return

The anticipated percentage of profit or loss an investment is likely to generate.

Immediate Costs

Expenses that are directly incurred and need to be paid out in the short term.