Researchers Investigating the Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Psychological Functioning

question 55

Multiple Choice

Researchers investigating the effect of aerobic exercise on psychological functioning conclude that

• A) exercise appears to have a modest effect on mood and well-being immediately after a workout.
• B) whereas immediate improvements in mood and well-being are associated with aerobic exercise, long-term participation in an exercise program has an even stronger effect on mood and mental health.
• C) the positive effect of exercise on mood is unrelated to increased self-efficacy.
• D) whereas exercise is associated with improved mood, it has no effect on personality variables such as the self-concept and self-esteem.

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Definitions:

Cortex Controls Movement

The regions of the brain's cortex that are involved in planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements.

Spinal Cord

The main pathway for transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body, housed within the spinal column.

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of the legs and arms due to spinal cord injury.

C1-C2

The first two cervical vertebrae in the spine, vital for supporting the skull, enabling head movements, and protecting the spinal cord.