Which of the following is an intermediate in the mechanism of hydrolysis of the ester shown below? 
Definitions:
Cumulative Social Effects
The accumulating impact of societal actions and behaviors over time, affecting future social structures, norms, and individual behaviors.
Friedman and Hechter
Scholars known for their contributions to sociological theory, particularly in the areas of rational choice theory and the analysis of social norms and structures.
Social Institutions
Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs, such as the family, education, government, and religion.
Norms
Socially accepted rules of behavior that dictate the expected conduct of individuals within a group or society.
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