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What is an externality?
Sociological Research
The systematic study of social behavior, institutions, and society, using various methods to collect and analyze data in order to understand human social interactions and structures.
Contingency Table
A statistical table that displays the frequency distribution of variables to analyze the relationship between them.
Demonstrating Causality
The process of proving a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, showing how one directly influences the other.
Spurious Association
A relationship between two variables that appears causal but is actually due to the effect of some external or intervening variable.
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