A Researcher Wishes to Determine Whether the Controversial Healing Touch $\quad$

question 19

Multiple Choice

A researcher wishes to determine whether the controversial healing touch therapy is successful when the patients are unaware that the therapist is using "healing touch." Twenty patients with acute back pain are randomly assigned to either an unaware condition, where the patients sleep through the sessions, or an aware condition, where they are awake. The patients then receive three sessions each of healing touch therapy. After each session, the patients are asked to rate their pain on a 1 to 10 scale, where 1 = no pain and 10 = maximum pain. $\quad$ Unaware Sessions $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$ Aware Sessions
$\begin{array}{lccccccc}&1&2&3&&1&2&3\\\hline \text { Patient 1 } & 8 & 8 & 9 & \text { Patient 11 } & 5 & 3 & 2 \\\text { Patient 2 } & 7 & 7 & 8 & \text { Patient 12 } & 6 & 7 & 4 \\\text { Patient 3 } & 5 & 4 & 3 & \text { Patient 13 } & 5 & 3 & 2 \\\text { Patient 4 } & 4 & 6 & 4 & \text { Patient } 14 & 4 & 3 & 1\\\text { Patient 5 } & 7 & 9 & 6 & \text { Patient 15 } & 4 & 2 & 1 \\\text { Patient 6 } & 5 & 5 & 4 & \text { Patient 16 } & 3 & 1 & 1 \\\text { Patient 7 } & 8 & 9 & 10 & \text { Patient } 17 & 3 & 3 & 3\\\text { Patient } 8 & 10 & 9 & 9 & \text { Patient 18 } & 4 & 3 & 2 \\\text { Patient } 9 & 9 & 8 & 9 & \text { Patient 19 } & 2 & 4 & 2 \\\text { Patient } 10 & 8 & 9 & 9 & \text { Patient 20 } & 2 & 2 & 1\end{array}$
-The df for the awareness factor is

• A)1
• B)2
• C)3
• D)54
• E)59

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Definitions:

Cultural Values

The core principles and ideals upon which an entire community exists and functions.

Environmental Influences

Factors in a person's surroundings that affect their development and behavior, such as social relationships, culture, and physical settings.

Historical Context

The circumstances or events surrounding an event or era in history that help explain it.

Empirical Evidence

Evidence that is based on observation, experience, or experiment; not just theory or opinion. This makes it science-based.