Read the Essay Below and Then Answer the Questions That

question 14

Multiple Choice

Read the essay below and then answer the questions that follow by selecting the letter of the correct response.
Fitness One, Two, Three
(1) Jamie is a college student with a part-time job. Despite her busy schedule, she manages to make time for three to four brisk, hour-long walks every week. This regular exercise definitely helps her stay healthy by strengthening her heart, helping her control her weight, and relieving stress. However, medical experts would tell Jamie that her exercise routine is not quite adequate. For complete physical fitness, most people need three different types of regular exercise.
(2) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion. Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise. Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently. Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.
(3) Another type of needed exercise is flexibility exercise, which stretches the muscles and improves the joints' range of motion. Doing fifteen minutes of these exercises every day helps to prevent joint injury, warm up the muscles for more strenuous exercise, and release tension from the body. Yoga and tai chi are good examples of flexibility exercises.
(4) One last important type of exercise is strengthening exercise. Also known as resistance exercise, these physical activities strengthen muscles so that they can better protect the joints from injury. Each exercise is designed to target an individual muscle, forcing it to work harder and thereby strengthening it. This is usually accomplished by lifting weights or by using the resistance machines typically found in gyms and fitness centers a few times a week.
(5) Jamie, therefore, is getting her cardiovascular exercise by walking several times a week. By taking the time to fit in some stretching and strengthening exercises, she will ensure that her fitness routine is complete and even more beneficial.
-The topic sentence of paragraph 2 is

• A) The first essential type of exercise is cardiovascular, or aerobic, exercise, which is defined as physical activity that uses the large muscles of the body in continuous motion.
• B) Walking, jogging, dancing, swimming, and bicycling are some examples of cardiovascular exercise.
• C) Its purpose is to strengthen the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles to make them all work more efficiently.
• D) Therefore, experts usually advise healthy people to include three to four 30-minute sessions of cardiovascular exercise in their weekly fitness programs.

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Definitions:

Aerobic Organisms

Organisms that require oxygen for their metabolic processes.

Antioxidants

Substances that inhibit oxidation, protecting cells against free radicals.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway in the cytoplasm where glucose is broken down to pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH.

Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)

A three-carbon sugar molecule that serves as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways, importantly in photosynthesis and glycolysis.