Read Paragraph Below and Answer the Questions That Follow It

question 31

Multiple Choice

Read paragraph below and answer the questions that follow it.
1) According to a number of research studies, owning a pet dog provides important health benefits. (2) One positive effect of dog ownership is better overall physical health. (3) Because many dog owners walk their pets on a regular basis, they tend to get the recommended 30 minutes of exercise every day. (4) This daily activity helps prevent cardiovascular disease, contributes to weight management, and keeps dog owners in overall good physical shape. (5) A second positive effect of dog ownership is better emotional health. (6) Dogs provide their owners with affection and steady companionship. (7) Therefore, the animals often prevent or decrease feelings of loneliness and depression. (8) Studies have shown that the emotional connections people have with their pet dogs lower their heart rate and blood pressure. (9) As a result, dogs lower their owners' stress levels. (10) Other studies reveal that dogs owners appear to get sick less frequently than people who don't own dogs do, and they also recover faster when they do become ill.
-Which of the following is NOT a transitional expression used in the paragraph to indicate cause or effect?

• A) According to
• B) A second positive effect
• C) Therefore
• D) As a result

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Definitions:

Substitute Goods

Products or services that can be used in place of each other, where an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in demand for the other.

Income

The financial gain earned or received over a period of time, typically through employment, investments, or business operations.

Flow Measure

A term used in economics to describe a quantity measured over a specified period of time, such as income per month or spending per year.

Quantity Demanded

The total number of units of a product or service that purchasers are eager and capable of procuring at a designated price level.