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You Are Writing a Report About Technical Methods Used for Desalination

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You are writing a report about technical methods used for desalination of seawater. Which of these resources is least likely to provide the technical information you need?


Definitions:

Non-directional

Pertains to hypotheses or tests that do not specify the direction of the expected differences or relationships.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis positing no effect or no difference; it serves as the default assumption to be tested against the alternative hypothesis.

Directional Hypothesis

A hypothesis that specifies the expected direction of the relationship between variables, indicating an increase or decrease.

Null Hypothesis

A statement that indicates no effect or no difference, and is the hypothesis that researchers seek to nullify or disprove through statistical analysis.

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