The Enclosure of Biologically Relevant Molecules Within a Membrane-Bound Protocell

question 100

Multiple Choice

The enclosure of biologically relevant molecules within a membrane-bound protocell could have facilitated the evolution of metabolism and self-replication, which are hallmark properties of living cells.However, enclosure by a membrane would also create a challenge to the emerging cells, in that they would need some method to evolve that allowed nutrients and building-block molecules to pass from the environment into the protocell interior.Otherwise, the protocells would be doomed to die without this influx of matter.To explore this idea more, how could a scientist best design an experiment to investigate the possibility of such a property of protocells?

• A) Allow fatty acids to self-assemble into protocells within solutions containing a mix of small molecules, then rinse the protocells and place them in pure water to observe whether they can carry out metabolic reactions.
• B) Synthesize various protocells using different fatty acids, and compare their abilities to take up various different small molecules from the environment.
• C) Place different molecules in the liquid medium surrounding living cells, and compare their rates of movement into the interiors of the cells.
• D) Remove the internal structures of living cells, leaving only water and inorganic salts, and then place them into a broth of nutrient molecules and test their ability to develop metabolism.
• E) Conduct a search for microfossils in which the movement of small molecules across primitive membranes is clearly observable in the specimens.

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Recognize the importance of the useful life and residual value in depreciation calculations.

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Definitions:

Chest Tube

A tube inserted through the chest wall to remove air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space.

Maintain Chest Tube Function

The practice of ensuring the proper operation and condition of a chest tube to drain air, blood, or fluids from the pleural space.

Drainage Device

A medical tool used to remove fluid from a patient's body cavity, wound, or other sources of accumulation.

Nasal Cannula

A medical device used to deliver supplemental oxygen or airflow to a patient in need of respiratory help, consisting of a lightweight tube split into two prongs that are placed in the nostrils.