Concerned About a Skin Mole That Has Increased in Size

question 251

Multiple Choice

Concerned about a skin mole that has increased in size and darkened in color, a man visits a dermatologist.Based on a biopsy, the mole is diagnosed as melanoma, a form of cancer.A genomic analysis reveals a mutation in the BRAF gene, a commonly mutated gene in melanoma.The BRAF gene is the wild type in surrounding noncancerous cells.These data are evidence that

• A) somatic mutations are passed to offspring produced by sexual reproduction.
• B) all mutations are point mutations.
• C) all mutations produce phenotypic changes.
• D) meiosis is not required for the transmission of germ line mutations to the next generation.
• E) somatic mutations may be passed to daughter cells by mitosis.

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Definitions:

Degeneracy

In optimization problems, a situation where more than one solution can be considered optimal, or where slight changes to input data lead to large changes in the solution.

Dummy Source

A hypothetical or artificial origin used in various analytical models or algorithms, often to simplify a problem or to initiate processes.

Dummy Demand

A conceptual tool used in planning and analysis to simulate demand for products or services that are not actually being requested by customers.

Transportation Problem

A type of optimization problem in operations research that involves determining the most efficient allocation of resources for transporting goods.