Leonard Heston Conducted an Adoption Study of the Possible Causes

question 127

Multiple Choice

Leonard Heston conducted an adoption study of the possible causes of schizophrenia.What was the major finding in his study?

• A)There was no evidence of a genetic influence on schizophrenia.
• B)Adopted individuals had higher rates of schizophrenia regardless of the mental health status of their parents.
• C)An individual's childhood environment has a much greater impact on the incidence of schizophrenia than do genetic factors.
• D)Adopted children whose birth mothers were schizophrenic developed schizophrenia at a higher rate than did children born to normal mothers.

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Definitions:

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, a method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.

Altered State

A condition in which an individual's mental state is significantly different from normal, often induced by factors such as meditation, drugs, or hypnosis.

Cognitive Dissonance

The psychological discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions (beliefs, attitudes, or values).

Free Association

A psychoanalytic technique in which a patient says whatever comes to mind without censorship as a way to uncover unconscious thoughts or feelings.