Answer the Questions That Follow This SPSS Output:
Descriptives

question 23

Essay

Answer the questions that follow this SPSS output:
Descriptives
ANOVA
sat
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|}\hline & & & & \\& \mathrm{N} & & & \\\hline \text { 1 Harris } & 91 & 992.75 & 131.775 & 13.814 \\\text { 2 Travis } & 121 & 1024.05 & 135.626 & 12.330 \\\text { 3 Nacogdoches } & 77 & 1005.06 & 138.399 & 15.772 \\\text { Total } & 289 & 1009.13 & 135.381 & 7.964 \\\hline\end{array}$
ANOVA
sat
$\begin{array}{|l|r|r|r|r|r|}\hline & {\begin{array}{c}\text { Sum of } \\\text { Squares }\end{array}} &{\text { df }} & \text { Mean Square } & \text { F } & \text { Sig. } \\\hline \text { Between Groups } & 52630.172 & 2 & 26315.086 & 1.440 & .239 \\\text { Within Groups } & 5225854 & 286 & 18272.215 & & \\\text { Total } & 5278484 & 288 & & & \\\hline\end{array}$
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: sat
Bonferroni
$\begin{array}{|ll|r|r|r|}\hline \text { (I) county } & \text { (J) county } & \begin{array}{c}\text { Mean } \\\text { Difference } \\(1-\mathrm{J})\end{array} & \text { Std. Error } & {\text { Sig. }} \\\hline \text { 1 Harris } & \text { 2 Travis } & -31.302 & 18.756 & .289 \\& \text { 3 Nacogdoches } & -12.318 & 20.931 & 1.000 \\\hline \text { 2 Travis } & \text { 1 Harris } & 31.302 & 18.756 & .289 \\& \text { 3 Nacogdoches } & 18.985 & 19.706 & 1.000 \\\hline \text { 3 Nacogdoches } & \text { 1 Harris } & 12.318 & 20.931 & 1.000 \\& \text { 2 Travis } & -18.985 & 19.706 & 1.000 \\\hline\end{array}$
Your research hypothesis is "In the population, there is a difference in the average SAT scores among the following groups: students from Harris County, students from Travis County, and students from Nacogdoches County."
A) What is your null hypothesis?
B) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
F) Is it appropriate to discuss the results of the post hoc multiple comparisons tests? (yes / no)
G) If it is appropriate to discuss the post hoc multiple comparison tests, which pairs of groups are probably different from one another in the population? If it is not appropriate, explain why it is not appropriate.

• A) What is your null hypothesis?
• B) Are your sample results consistent with the null hypothesis or the research hypothesis? (null / research)
• C) What is the probability of getting the sample results you got if the null hypothesis is true? (If this step in hypothesis testing can be skipped, write the word "SKIP".)
• D) What is your conclusion? (In other words, do you "reject" or "not reject" the null hypothesis based on these results?)
• E) Are your results statistically significant? (yes / no)
• F) Is it appropriate to discuss the results of the post hoc multiple comparisons tests? (yes / no)
• G) If it is appropriate to discuss the post hoc multiple comparison tests, which pairs of groups are probably different from one another in the population? If it is not appropriate, explain why it is not appropriate.

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Definitions:

Marginal Utility

Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or benefit gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service, which tends to decrease as more units are consumed.

Individual Demand

This refers to the quantity of a good or service that a single consumer is willing and able to purchase at various prices, holding other factors constant.

Normal Good

A type of good for which demand increases when income increases, and falls when income decreases, but price remains constant.

Inferior Good

A type of good for which demand decreases as the income of individuals or the economy increases, opposite to what is observed with a normal good.