What Characteristics of Pre-Experimental Designs Make It Difficult to Establish

question 5

Short Answer

What characteristics of pre-experimental designs make it difficult to establish cause-and-effect relationships?

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Definitions:

Expressive Smile

An expressive smile is a facial expression that conveys genuine happiness, joy, or satisfaction, often involving the eyes in addition to the mouth.

Shape Of Mouth

Refers to the configuration or arrangement of the mouth that can significantly influence speech sounds and facial expressions.

Upper Face

The region of the face that includes the forehead, eyes, and eyebrows, often involved in expressing emotions such as surprise or concentration.

Pleasure

Pleasure is a positive, enjoyable, or satisfying experience that can be derived from physical, emotional, or psychological activities or stimuli.