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Does Taking Large Amounts of Vitamins Protect Against Cancer? to Study

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Does taking large amounts of vitamins protect against cancer? To study this question, researchers enrolled 29,000 Finnish men, all smokers over the age of 50. Half of the men, selected at random, took vitamin supplements, and others took a dummy pill that has no active ingredient. The researchers followed all the men for eight years. At the end of the study, men in the vitamin group were no less likely to have cancer than men in the other group. This study cast doubt on the popular idea that taking lots of vitamins can reduce the risk of cancer.
The study design looked like this: Does taking large amounts of vitamins protect against cancer? To study this question, researchers enrolled 29,000 Finnish men, all smokers over the age of 50. Half of the men, selected at random, took vitamin supplements, and others took a dummy pill that has no active ingredient. The researchers followed all the men for eight years. At the end of the study, men in the vitamin group were no less likely to have cancer than men in the other group. This study cast doubt on the popular idea that taking lots of vitamins can reduce the risk of cancer. The study design looked like this:   The label for the dummy pill treatment should appear in the outline at the point marked  Question B.  What is this label? A)  Random allocation B)  Placebo C)  Vitamins D)  Cancer E)  Finnish men
The label for the dummy pill treatment should appear in the outline at the point marked "Question B." What is this label?


Definitions:

Rosa Luxemburg

A Polish Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist.

Social Contract

A theoretical agreement within society where individuals consent to surrender some freedoms for the protection and benefit of the community as a whole.

Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an influential 18th-century philosopher known for his ideas on education, society, and government, emphasizing natural human goodness and freedom.

Free Individuals

Persons who possess autonomy and the capacity to make choices unconstrained by external coercion or limitations, typically within the bounds of societal laws and norms.

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