A Researcher Places Dogs in a Cage with Metal Bars

question 251

Multiple Choice

A researcher places dogs in a cage with metal bars on the floor. The dogs are randomly given electric shocks and can do nothing to prevent them or stop them. Later, the same dogs are placed in a cage where they can escape the shocks by jumping over a low hurdle. When the shocks are given, the dogs do not even try to escape. They just sit and cower. This is an example of ________.

• A) learned helplessness
• B) avoidance learning
• C) aversive conditioning
• D) vicarious learning

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Definitions:

Moral Reasoning

The process of determining right from wrong in a personal, societal, or ethical context, often involving the consideration of various moral principles.

Adolescence

The transitional stage of physical and psychological development that occurs between childhood and adulthood, marked by puberty and increased independence.

Antipathy

Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person.

Child Culture

The shared practices, beliefs, and activities among children that are passed down and evolve independently from adult culture, influencing social development and identity.