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Suppose You Observe a Baby Focus His Eyes on a Rattle

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Suppose you observe a baby focus his eyes on a rattle being held in front of him, and then he moves his arm and hand out and grasps the rattle, taking it from the person holding it. This series of actions is a good example of the visually guided reach.


Definitions:

Higher-order Conditioning

A form of learning where a stimulus is first made meaningful or potent through its association with a primary stimulus.

Emotional Responses

The physical and psychological reactions that are triggered by an emotional event or stimulus.

Negative Reinforcement

A method in operant conditioning where an adverse condition is removed or avoided following a desired behavior, thereby strengthening that behavior.

Punishment

A process by which a consequence immediately follows a behavior, decreasing the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence.

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