In an Experiment, a Dog Undergoes 20 Trials in Which

question 4

Multiple Choice

In an experiment, a dog undergoes 20 trials in which he hears a tone and gets meat powder in various combinations. On 18 of the trials, he gets a tone and meat powder; on one trial, he gets a tone and no meat powder; and on one trial, he gets meat powder and no tone. What is true of this situation?

• A) There is a contingency between the sound of tone and meat powder.
• B) There is a contingency between the CS and the UR.
• C) There is a negative contingency.
• D) There is no contingency.

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Definitions:

Variable Overhead Rate Variance

The difference between the actual variable overhead rate incurred and the standard rate, multiplied by the actual activity level.

Standard Cost

The predetermined cost of manufacturing a single unit or a number of units during a specific period under normal conditions.

Raw Materials Quantity Variance

The difference between the actual quantity of raw materials used and the expected quantity of raw materials based on the standard cost, which indicates efficiency in using materials.

Standard Cost System

An accounting system that uses standard costs for product costs, serving as a tool for planning, controlling, and decision making.