Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 12

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
Thousands of words exist in our language to describe aspects of personality.In a search for fundamental traits,psychologists have used statistical techniques such as factor analysis to identify the core dimensions underlying the structure of personality.Over the years,different analyses have yielded different results.Cattell (1950) proposed a model of personality based on 16 unique factors.Eysenck (1967) argued that the thousands of specific behavioral tendencies often attributed to personality can be adequately described by just two dimensions.One dimension (extraversion) ranges from introversion (low scores on this dimension) to extraversion (high scores) and the other (neuroticism) ranges from emotionally stable (low scores) to emotionally unstable (high scores) .Today,the most commonly accepted model of personality-the Big Five-posits the existence of five unique dimensions of personality: openness to experience,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism (McCrae & Costa,1999) .Consistent with Eysenck's model,each dimension reflects a range of behavioral tendencies.For example,agreeableness might range from helpful to uncooperative.Someone low in conscientiousness probably will miss deadlines for work assignments,and persons who never travel from their home towns will score low on openness to experience.Research has shown that these five dimensions of personality appear in all cultures and age groups.
-(Scenario I) Factor analytic techniques are used by personality researchers to:

• A)identify the implicit motivations underlying personality.
• B)arrange many traits in a hierarchical structure under a small number of dimensions.
• C)ensure that the frequency of personality factors in a sample are representative of those in the population.
• D)determine if the underlying dimensions of personality are causes or products of behavior.

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Definitions:

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

A region of the brain that plays a crucial role in executive functions, such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning.

Social Responses

Reactions or behaviors in individuals that are influenced by the presence, actions, or expectations of others.

Milk Ejection

The reflexive release of milk from the alveoli of the mammary glands to the ducts leading to the nipple, stimulated by the hormone oxytocin.

Paraventricular Nucleus

A nucleus within the hypothalamus that plays a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system and the secretion of hormones.