Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 8

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions
Scenario I
The following scenario presents fabricated data consistent with the results of the following study:
Gilbertson,M.W. ,Shenton,M.E. ,Ciszewski,A. ,Kasai,K. ,Lasko,N .B. ,Orr,S.P. ,& Pitman,R.K.(2002) .Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma.Nature Neuroscience,5,1242-1247.
Persons who live through a traumatic experience may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .PTSD is characterized by chronic physiological arousal,recurrent unwanted thoughts or images,and avoidance of things that bring the trauma to mind,with symptoms persisting for more than 1 month.Persons with PTSD also are at risk for other psychological disorders,with substance abuse disorder being a common comorbid diagnosis.In the last two decades,a number of studies have demonstrated that persons with PTSD have smaller hippocampi than controls.This may result from the neurotoxic effects of stress hormones examined the hippocampal volume of combat veterans with and without PTSD who each had an identical twin who never served in the military.Fabricated results consistent with this study are shown in Figure 15.1.
Figure 15.1
-(Scenario I) The results of the study by Gilbertson and colleagues (2002) suggest that:

• A)among veterans,smaller hippocampi probably are due to trauma-induced glucocorticoid release.
• B)smaller hippocampi may make people more susceptible to PTSD if exposed to a traumatic event.
• C)soldiers with smaller hippocampi probably will develop PTSD.
• D)PTSD is largely genetically determined.

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Definitions:

Gabbro

A coarse-grained igneous rock that forms from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface, composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene.

Welded Rhyolite

Is a type of volcanic rock that has been superheated and compacted under extreme conditions, resulting in a dense, hard rock.

Calderas

Large, usually circular depressions in the ground caused by volcanic activity, specifically the collapse of a magma chamber after a volcanic eruption.

Caldera-forming Eruption

A volcanic eruption significant enough to collapse the summit area and form a large, basin-like depression called a caldera.